The study is undertaken in cities which are at least regional centres without being the capital of the respective country: Frankfurt, DE (700,000 inhabitants), Bologna, IT (400,000), Gothenburg, SE (500,000), Manchester, UK (500,000), Plovdiv, BG (400,000), Rennes, FR (200,000), Eskisehir, TK (750,000), and Zurich, CH (400,000). This ensures a sufficient existence and diversity of participatory settings without being too close to representations of national government and umbrella structures.